Translation of persian - One of the major duties of every translator is to use an appropriate method in dealing with culture-specific items (CSIs). In this paper an attempt has been made to study the translation of two Iran tourist guidebooks translated by Oksana Beheshti and Amir Hassan Hakimian from Persian into English in order to analyze the strategies the …

 
Persian to English Translation Service can translate from Persian to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Persian into over 160 other languages. Free Online Persian to English Online Translation Service. The Persian to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages.. Ameli

A Persian leopard was seen roaming near Balochistan's Nani Mandir, an important site for Hindu pilgrimage, after many years.The rare leopard was located by a … Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Persian has six vowels (three short vowels, and three long vowels) plus two diphthongs. Short vowels: َ اَ is called fathe/zebar and pronounced like [a] in “cat.”. ِ اِ is called kasre/zir and pronounced like [e] in “bell.”. ُ اُ is called zammeh/pish and pronounced like the [o] in “mode.”. Long vowels:Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch.English to Persian Translation tool includes online translation service, English text-to-speech service, English spell checking tool, on-screen keyboard for major languages, …The API not only translates text, but also accurately preserves metadata, structure, styles, and layout of documents. This free online app powered by GroupDocs Translation API can translate PDF document from English to Farsi. Files translation can be converted into multiple formats, shared via email or URL and saved to your device.Poetry is such an integral part of the Persian literary tradition that it would be futile to attempt to teach the Persian language without touching on some key poetic works and themes. ... Each excerpt is accompanied by an audio recording, a transliteration in the Latin alphabet, an English translation, and vocabulary notes. The English ...Hassan Mortazavi’s Preface to the new Persian translation of Marx’s Capital, Vol.I.Tehran: Agah Publishing, 2008. Preface translated by Frieda Afary. Any reader of this work will no doubt ask why volume one of Capital has been translated anew. It has been 33 years since the first Persian translation was made by Iraj Eskandari in 1973.In Middle Persian translation, the equivalent yōsdāsrīnēm (I purify) is a verb from the same root which is the first person singular declarative present tense (Guyova, 2000, p. 140) and the subjunctive property of this verb is neglected in the translation. While subjunctive present tense is used for verbs showing doubt, desire, and wish ...Nov 10, 2022 · Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different linguistic forms, this variety cannot be ... Useful Persian (Farsi) phrases. A collection of useful phrases in Persian (Farsi), an Indo-Iranian language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and a number of other countries. Jump to phrases. See these phrases in any combination of two languages in … The Persian Calendar Converter is a type of calculator designed to convert dates, according to the more commonly used Gregorian Calendar, into dates according to the Persian Calendar, also known as the Iranian Calendar. By simply entering dates into the relevant fields of the Persian or Iranian Calendar Converter and clicking the “calculate ... Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch.Quay looks forward to more readers discovering Ghassemi’s intriguing novel in translation. So does Fani, who proposed the idea of a translation prize after the Mo Habib Memorial Foundation reached out to Shahrzad Shams, now-retired UW teaching professor of Persian language and culture, about making a gift.. The translation prize, …Old Persian was the language of the ruling dynasty of the Achaemenid empire from the sixth to the fourth century BC and, after the long interval of Greek and Parthian suzerainty over Iran, Middle Persian was the language of the ruling dynasty of the Sasanian empire from the third to the seventh century AD.Keywords: Translation, CSIs, Persian Architecture, Terminology. View. Show abstract. Translation and Culture: Analyzing Culture-Oriented Concepts in Translation Anecdotes of Gulistan Sa'adi.• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:...Jan 5, 2017 · It was a collection of poetry by Jalaluddin Rumi, the thirteenth-century Persian poet, translated by Coleman Barks. “It kind of changed my life,” Martin said later, in an interview. A track ... Almost 500 people – many of Iranian descent – packed into Wakefield Cathedral on Saturday (2 March) for a “Persian Celebration Service”. The event marked the launch of an officially authorised translation of the Holy Communion Service. The Bishop of Loughborough, Guli Francis-Dehqani, led the service. Bishop Guli arrived in the UK in ...The mean scores and standard deviations on the Persian SQOL-M, the IIEF and the WAI were 53.8 (12), 48.2 (14.4), and 37.7 (6.8), respectively. The descriptive results for the IIEF and WAI subscales are reported in Table 3. Interitem correlations and the mean (SD) of all the 11 items on the Persian translation of the SQOL-M are reported in Table 4.This study examined the influence of English to Persian translation of the films on the communicative preferences in the target language. The corpora of the study are films with different genres with their dubbed versions. Searle's (1979) categorization of illocutionary acts was examined and attempted to investigate the influences of the target ... Razmnama. The Razmnāma (Book of War) (رزم نامہ) is a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata, commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar. In 1574, Akbar started a Maktab Khana or "House of Translation" in his new capital at Fatehpur Sikri. He assigned a group to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and ... To cite this article: Igder, R., & Karimnia, A. (2010). Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 8(29), 69-86 Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type Rasoul Igder, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Iran Amin Karimnia, Islamic … Classical Persian poetry has held an important place in English-language literature: Khayyam is a central figure of the Victorian era; Rumi remains a best-selling poet in America; and Hafez has been one of the most frequently translated poets. But modern Persian poetry is absent from contemporary surveys. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Architectural texts involve a great deal of CSIs that reflect the culture of a country. Translating these CSIs from Persian into English seems one of the key issues in the translation of architectural texts. This source-oriented descriptive study tried to investigate CSIs of the Persian architecture in order to examine the extent to which the …The Persian Translation tool includes online translator, translation dictionaries, text to voice online for a number of languages, multilingual virtual keyboard, online spell …Most Popular Phrases for English to Persian Translation. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 5,900+ …Useful Persian (Farsi) phrases. A collection of useful phrases in Persian (Farsi), an Indo-Iranian language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and a number of other countries. Jump to phrases. See these phrases in any combination of two languages in …You can start typing on the text area and then click on the "Translate" button. Aryanpour robust app then translates your English word, phrase, or sentence into Persian. The … Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the different strategies applied by Iranian translators to Persian translation of the neologism created in Persian Academy words. To begin with, four volumes out of eight volumes of Persian Academy translation were selected randomly. To do so, some one-thousand words containing English to ...At a reception for the Army Day of Iran in New Delhi Monday, Iranian ambassador Iraj Elahi also emphasised Tehran’s role as the guardian of the world’s …The first Persian translations of Shakespeare took place as Western-style theatre was being introduced to Iran by Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar. Nasir al-Din Shah visited Europe on diplomatic trips in 1873, 1878, and 1889. He recorded in his 1873 diary that he was especially impressed by the operas, circuses, and theatres he attended.Lingvanex free service instantly translates words, phrases to voice, audio files, podcast, documents, and web pages from Persian to English and from English to Persian.This article presents the first in-depth textual analysis of the Razmnamah (Book of War), the Persian translation of the Mahabharata sponsored by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century. I argue that the Razmnamah was a central literary work in the Mughal court and of deep relevance to Akbar’s imperial and political … Persian ⇄ Vietnamese. Use the free Persian ↔ English Translator from PONS! Translate words, phrases, texts instantly in 38 languages. This translation of the Holy Bible is originally based upon Henry Martyn's translation of the Bible in Persian. After repeated updates it was finally published in the current form in 1896 and again, with new headlines in 1996 and subsequently by Elam Ministries with new headings and cross references.German to Persian Translation Service can translate from German to Persian language. Additionally, it can also translate German into over 160 other languages. Free Online German to Persian Online Translation Service. The German to Persian translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages.Only a single Persian translation of the Pentateuch and another of the Gospels had been printed before the 13th/19th century. None of the Persian translations of the Bible made before that time—including some not discussed here—had become generally known. In fact, each successive translation was made without knowledge of … Texts & Literature. • LyrikLine: Persian poems, with translation (+ audio) • Petite anthologie bilingue de littérature irano-persane (Medieval texts, with transcription & translation) by Denis Matringe (2021) • Persian literature, an introduction, by Reuben Levy (1923) • Persian literature by Claude Field (1912) Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.سنا بسته کمک خارجی به اوکراین که شامل «قانون مهسا» می‌شود را تصویب کرد. سنای آمریکا یک بسته کمک خارجی به ...Feb 13, 2020 · The poetry of Zarrin reflects the struggles and courage of an Iranian woman. She creates a personal mythology, full of surprise and discovery, that also speaks of her time and place. The poems are about love, marriage, divorce, and motherhood, as well as war, revolution, religion, oppression, and patriarchy. They include prayers, confessions ... Persian Translation service by ImTranslator offers online translations from and to Persian language for over 160 other languages. Persian Translation tool includes Persian online translator, multilingual on-screen keyboard, back translation, email service and much more. 1. Say "mam'noon" (mæm'nun). This is a common version of "thank you" in Persian, and mam'noon is written as ممنون in the Persian alphabet. It's most often used as a way for thanking someone for doing something simple. You can easily add "am" to the end of the word and say "mam'noonam", which sounds a little bit ladylike, but the usage is ...To cite this article: Igder, R., & Karimnia, A. (2010). Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 8(29), 69-86 Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type Rasoul Igder, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Iran Amin Karimnia, Islamic … English to Persian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from English to Persian and other languages. Free Online English to Persian Online Translation Service. The English to Persian translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages. Abstract. This paper examines a number of proverbs in English and Persian to shed light on certain pragmatic issues involved in translation. By analyzing three sets of data within the pragmatic ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Translate King uses Google transliteration Application Programming Interface (API) as its primary online language translation tool for seamlessly converting Turkish words into Persian. This API harnesses the cutting-edge capabilities of Google"s neural machine translation, allowing for the transformation of sentences into over 100 languages ...Methods: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran.Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the different strategies applied by Iranian translators to Persian translation of the neologism created in Persian Academy words. To begin with, four volumes out of eight volumes of Persian Academy translation were selected randomly. To do so, some one-thousand words containing English to ...Every society has its own culture, values, and ideology. Translations convey the meaning as well as cultural and ideological values, beliefs, ideas and norms from source culture to target culture. One type of translation which nowadays is popular among people, and can attract so many audiences in different ages is Audiovisual Translation (AVT), …The Persian translation of Panchantantra by Dr. Indu Shekhar: Dr. Indu Shekhar undertook the Persian translation of the Sanskrit fable “Panchantantra” in 1961 from University of Tehran, Iran. In the introduction of his work, he mentions F. Edgrtion’s English translation of Panchantantra as the basis of his work. The most popular languages for translation. Translate from Persian to English online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your Persian to English translations today and experience seamless communication! Methods: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran.Summary of the purport of the poem in exegesis of the Surah of Pure Faith “Say: He is God, One”. “God, the Self-Subsistent”. “He begat not, neither was He begotten”. “And there is not any equal unto Him”. The author’s memorial to him who is a mercy to all living beings. Message from the East.The Persian translations which were selected, as the data of this critical study belonged to Mehdi Bahremand (1976), Zhila Sazegar (1980) and Saleh Hosseini (1982 (Amirdabbaghian & Shunmugam ...Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different …“Persian,” Translations and Downloads (2020) “Persian,” Translations and Downloads. Persian. The scriptures are available in a variety of formats for this language. Printed text: Online Store. Digital text: Gospel Library Online. Gospel Library mobile app. Holy Bible. Preferred translation.English. Persian. Glosbe is a home for thousands of dictionaries. We provide not only dictionary English - Persian, but also dictionaries for every existing pairs of languages - …Mar 18, 2024 · The translation process of the NQOLS followed the model proposed by Wild et al. The content validity of the Persian version of the scale was evaluated using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The English translation of Gulistan in this book provided by Edward Rehatsek in 1888. This bilingual book is a prestigious tool for Persian Literature scholars and students. It is enjoyable for poetry lovers of any age. Not only will poems and stories improve your Persian language, but they’ll help your understanding of Persian culture.This couplet furnishes a good illustration of the difficulty of giving a close and at the same time an intelligible translation of Persian poetry. According to native grammarians and prosodists ...Poetry is such an integral part of the Persian literary tradition that it would be futile to attempt to teach the Persian language without touching on some key poetic works and themes. ... Each excerpt is accompanied by an audio recording, a transliteration in the Latin alphabet, an English translation, and vocabulary notes. The English ...Methods: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran.Persian to English Translation Service can translate from Persian to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Persian into over 160 other languages. Free Online Persian to English Online Translation Service. The Persian to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages.This article presents a description and analysis of a Persian translation and commentary of the Qurʾān, entitled Tafsīr-i munīr, by Abū Naṣr al-Ḥaddādī (d. after 400/1009), the earliest exegetical work in Persian whose author can be identified.This article presents the first in-depth textual analysis of the Razmnamah (Book of War), the Persian translation of the Mahabharata sponsored by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century. I argue that the Razmnamah was a central literary work in the Mughal court and of deep relevance to Akbar’s imperial and political …بنیاد دیده‌بان اینترنت (ای دبلیو اف) می‌گوید در سال ۲۰۲۳ بیش از دو هزار تصویر سوءاستفاده جنسی از کودکان ۳ تا ... English to Persian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from English to Persian and other languages. Free Online English to Persian Online Translation Service. The English to Persian translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages. The IMS translation was performed using the Brislin method and the translators agreed on the consistency of the Persian edition of the IMS with the original version. The results of the content validity analysis showed that the experts agreed the 27 items of the IMS had acceptable content validity, which is consistent with the original study by ... Mar 29, 2006 · Cover for the new English translation by Dick Davis of Abolqasem Ferdowsi's epic narrative Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings . Penguin USA. Iranians are in the middle of a 13-day celebration of ... Paste or Type English and instantly get English to Persian translation Online. You need an online machine translator to quickly translate English to Persian. We hope that our …The Persian translations which were selected, as the data of this critical study belonged to Mehdi Bahremand (1976), Zhila Sazegar (1980) and Saleh Hosseini (1982 (Amirdabbaghian & Shunmugam ... Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Shi's translation was published in 2001 and Howard Goldblatt's translation was published in 2010. On the basis of the framework of Ardekani, Zhang and Liu, the study firstly divided the reporting ... Razmnama. The Razmnāma (Book of War) (رزم نامہ) is a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata, commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar. In 1574, Akbar started a Maktab Khana or "House of Translation" in his new capital at Fatehpur Sikri. He assigned a group to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and ... When the vegetables are tender, the albóndigas are gently poached in the broth for just a few minutes, bringing all of their flavor to the soup. Top with cabbage, …1. Simply upload a English or Persian document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from English and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate English documents to Persian in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Proverbs are used as a title of a book or title of a literary work on the whole (e.g. Shakespeare's measure for. measure whose Persian equivalent is " kolukh andaz raa paadaash sang ast") 2. In ...Paste or Type English and instantly get English to Persian translation Online. You need an online machine translator to quickly translate English to Persian. We hope that our …Shi's translation was published in 2001 and Howard Goldblatt's translation was published in 2010. On the basis of the framework of Ardekani, Zhang and Liu, the study firstly divided the reporting ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Another common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ...English: Pronunciation: Persian: Bougainvillea: gole kâzhazi: گل کاغذی: Buttercup: âlâle: آلاله: Cactus: kâktus: کاکتوس: Carnation: mikhak: میخک This translation was made and published by the UK-based Elam Ministries, This translation is also available on E-sword and a mobile version has also been made. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. A translation of the New Testament in modern Persian was released by Jehovah's Witnesses in 2014. Pirouz Sayyar Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur'an - Persian Translation - Rowwad Translation Center - Translations’ Index Translation of the Quran meanings into Persian by the team of the Persian language in Rowwad Center in cooperation with Islamhouse.com Summary table of Persian Proverbs. مرغ همسایه غازه — “The Neighbour’s chicken is a goose”. هر گردی گردو نیست — “Not everything that’s round is a walnut”. هم خدا را می‌ خواهد، هم خرما را — “He/She wants both God and the date”. با یک دست نمی توان دو ...Mar 5, 2021 · The translation of Shakespeare’s works started in 19th-century Iran with a handful of his works and poems. However, due to Shakespeare’s linguistic complexities, most translators embarked on translating him from a different language other than the original. Such translations were made from French, German, and Arabic.

To cite this article: Igder, R., & Karimnia, A. (2010). Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 8(29), 69-86 Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type Rasoul Igder, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Iran Amin Karimnia, Islamic …. Iaedp

translation of persian

The study set out to scrutinize the translation of Verb-Noun and Adjective-Noun collocations from English into Persian from different perspectives. The causes of mistranslation of collocations ...English: Pronunciation: Persian: Bougainvillea: gole kâzhazi: گل کاغذی: Buttercup: âlâle: آلاله: Cactus: kâktus: کاکتوس: Carnation: mikhak: میخکAnother common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ...۳ دقیقه پیش. تازه‌ترین اثر سلمان رشدی با نام «چاقو» این هفته منتشر شد. شخصی‌ترین اثر نویسنده که به ماجرای ...Keywords: movie titles, translation, strategies, Persian. 1. Introduction. Movies are one of the most popular and influential mass media in the world. Titles, whic h are names given to the movies ...Every society has its own culture, values, and ideology. Translations convey the meaning as well as cultural and ideological values, beliefs, ideas and norms from source culture to target culture. One type of translation which nowadays is popular among people, and can attract so many audiences in different ages is Audiovisual Translation (AVT), …Hassan Mortazavi’s Preface to the new Persian translation of Marx’s Capital, Vol.I.Tehran: Agah Publishing, 2008. Preface translated by Frieda Afary. Any reader of this work will no doubt ask why volume one of Capital has been translated anew. It has been 33 years since the first Persian translation was made by Iraj Eskandari in 1973.One of the major duties of every translator is to use an appropriate method in dealing with culture-specific items (CSIs). In this paper an attempt has been made to study the translation of two Iran tourist guidebooks translated by Oksana Beheshti and Amir Hassan Hakimian from Persian into English in order to analyze the strategies the …This couplet furnishes a good illustration of the difficulty of giving a close and at the same time an intelligible translation of Persian poetry. According to native grammarians and prosodists ...Jul 28, 2016 · The Persian text in the book is clearly legible, and the glossary at the end of the book will save the student's time. Also, the layout of the pages is well created, with the English translation being in front of the Persian text. This book is an excellent read for Persian students and people who love Persian culture. The Persian program offers two categories of courses: (PERS) classes taught in Persian; (PETR) Persian literature in translation classes. This allows students to both acquire specialized knowledge in the language and to explore varied interests in literary, philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects of Persian literature through the study ...At a reception for the Army Day of Iran in New Delhi Monday, Iranian ambassador Iraj Elahi also emphasised Tehran’s role as the guardian of the world’s …1. Say "mam'noon" (mæm'nun). This is a common version of "thank you" in Persian, and mam'noon is written as ممنون in the Persian alphabet. It's most often used as a way for thanking someone for doing something simple. You can easily add "am" to the end of the word and say "mam'noonam", which sounds a little bit ladylike, but the usage is ...The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the revised heart failure compliance questionnaire (RHFCQ) in Iranian HF sufferers. Methods: This methodological study was performed on outpatient HF individuals referred to a heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The forward-backward translation method was ….

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